TMJ Dysfunction and Motor Severity in Children With CP

This study aims to examine the function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-the jaw joint-in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Children with CP often experience difficulties in jaw movement, pain, or involuntary grinding of teeth (bruxism), which can affect their ability to eat, speak, or smile comfortably. The research will investigate how the severity of motor impairment, as classified by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and different CP subtypes are related to jaw function problems. The study also explores the relationship between bruxism and TMJ pain and dysfunction. By performing clinical evaluations of mouth opening, jaw movements, muscle tenderness, and pain levels, this study hopes to identify early signs of TMJ problems. The goal is to provide better recommendations for early screening, therapy, and rehabilitation for children with CP, especially those with more severe motor impairments.

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) by a pediatric neurologist, based on standard clinical criteria. * Aged between 6 and 18 years. * Classified as GMFCS Levels I to IV. * Able to comply with clinical assessment procedures. * Written informed consent obtained from parent(s) or legal guardian(s). Exclusion Criteria * GMFCS Level V (due to inability to cooperate with TMJ examination). * History of craniofacial trauma, surgery, or congenital maxillofacial anomalies. * Presence of neuromuscular diseases other than cerebral palsy. * Active temporomandibular joint infection or acute systemic illness at the time of evaluation. * Ongoing use of muscle relaxants or botulinum toxin injections in the jaw region within the past 6 months. * Inability to complete the TMJ clinical examination due to behavioral or cognitive limitations.